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A Inclusão Escolar e seus desafios | Instituto Apta

A Inclusão Escolar e seus desafios

A inclusão escolar representa um desafio para todos os envolvidos: o aluno atípico, a família e a equipe escolar. A começar pelo aluno que por questões de ordem biopsicossocial pode ter demandas específicas tanto nos aspectos comportamentais e sociais – onde há necessidade de intervenções orientadas quanto ao manejo específico (em caso de alunos no espectro do autismo ou questões psiquiátricas) quanto de acessibilidade pedagógica robusta (em casos de déficit cognitivo) ou em ambos os aspectos. Quando não atendido nas questões específicas, o aluno de inclusão tende a apresentar desorganização comportamental agindo de maneira desafiadora, violenta ou intempestiva, impactando diretamente na dinâmica do grupo escolar, sendo estigmatizado pelos colegas e tendo como conseqüência o afastamento do grupo e num grau mais elevado, a repulsa pelo ambiente escolar.

Sob a perspectiva da família é notório o sofrimento dos pais quando identificada a falta de atendimento adequado pela equipe escolar diante das demandas apresentadas pelo filho atípico. Tal fato se agrava quando se tratam de questões de ordem comportamental, quando comumente há comunicação da escola convocando os pais para tratar do comportamento “problema” do filho. Quando a questão crítica está pautada na aprendizagem, as dificuldades concentram-se na falta de aquisição do conhecimento por parte do aluno devido a ineficácia (ou inexistência) das estratégias individualizadas para prover acessibilidade pedagógica. Em ambos os casos, a situação vai se agravando conforme o aluno avança para o Fundamental II ou Ensino Médio. Por conta disso, diante das barreiras atitudinais impostas como conseqüência do sistema capacitista adotado por profissionais e instituições de ensino, centenas de famílias optam por descontinuar a trajetória escolar do filho atípico, elevando as estatísticas de evasão escolar da pessoa com deficiência. Embora todos os direitos garantidos no atendimento igualitário às demandas educacionais individuais das crianças pela Constituição Federal de 1988 bem como do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (Lei n° 8.069, ECA, 1990) antecessores a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão (Lei n° 13.146, LBI, 2015) que assegura os direitos fundamentais da pessoa com deficiência, incluindo o direito à educação, não é isso que se vê na prática.

A escola, ecossistema onde toda ação inclusiva deve e deveria acontecer, reflete um panorama preocupante. Estudos comprovam que a maioria dos docentes não se sente preparada para atender as demandas exigidas pelos alunos de inclusão demonstrando que a atuação do professor é fundamental para que a inclusão escolar aconteça de forma satisfatória (BOSA, 2006; SCHIMIDT et al.,2016). O sentimento de frustração dos docentes é potencializado pela impossibilidade em obter o conhecimento necessário de áreas específicas como análise do comportamento, estudo das deficiências, neuroeducação e outros, vivendo o castigo eterno como no mito de Sísifo e sua terrível montanha (CAMUS, 1955).

BRASIL. Constituição (1988). Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Brasília, DF: Presidência da República, 2023.

BRASIL. Lei nº 8.069, de 13 de julho de 1990. Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Brasília, DF: Diário Oficial da União, 1990.

BRASIL. Lei nº 13.146, de 6 de julho de 2015. Institui a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência). Brasília: Presidência da República, 2015.

CAMUS, Albert (1955). The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0679733736.

 

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